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The Human Journey: What Genes and Fossils Tell Us

Dive into the incredible story of human migration, tracing our origins in Africa to the global journey that shaped modern civilizations. Explore insights from fossils, genetics, and ancient artifacts that unravel the mysteries of our shared heritage.

The Human Journey: What Genes and Fossils Tell Us

Human migration is one of the most captivating stories of our shared ancestry. From fossils to genetic data, researchers have uncovered incredible evidence about how our ancestors journeyed from Africa to populate the globe.

African Cradle

Modern humans emerged approximately 200,000 years ago in Africa. Fossils from Omo Kibish, Ethiopia, represent the earliest evidence of our species. However, early migrations out of Africa, such as those found in Israel from 90,000 years ago, were unsuccessful, as those groups eventually died out.

Out of Africa

Around 70,000–50,000 years ago, a small group of humans left Africa for good, following routes across the Red Sea. These explorers gave rise to all non-African populations today, gradually replacing earlier hominins like Neanderthals.

Coastal Routes to Australia

Nearly 50,000 years ago, humans reached Australia via coastal migration through southern Asia. Discoveries at Malakunanja and Lake Mungo showcase the enduring legacy of Australia’s Indigenous populations, who remained genetically isolated for millennia.

Migration to Europe

For years, it was believed humans entered Europe via North Africa. However, genetic research suggests connections to populations in India, pointing to a migration route through Asia that populated Europe between 40,000–30,000 years ago.

Asia’s Diverse Settlements

Humans spread into Central and Southeast Asia around 40,000 years ago, venturing as far as Japan and Siberia. Northern Asian populations later crossed into the Americas, continuing humanity’s extraordinary journey.

Into the Americas

The first humans arrived in the Americas between 20,000–15,000 years ago, when land connected Siberia and Alaska. These early settlers navigated icy terrains, shaping the New World’s prehistoric landscape.

A Shared Global Heritage

The human journey out of Africa demonstrates the resilience and adaptability of our ancestors. By piecing together genetic and fossil evidence, scientists continue to reveal new details of this remarkable odyssey.